Biology syllabus o level uganda biology notes for o level. The best app for cbse students now provides body fluids and circulation class 11 notes biology latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse exams and school based annual examinations. Jul 12, 2019 the female anopheles feeds on the blood for the development of eggs and when it takes the blood to malaria positive which have been developing in the salivary glands in the mosquitoes are injected into the blood stream of the uninfected person which it takes some blood chemicals in the salivary gland prevents the blood from clotting. Functions of blood system biologymad alevel biology. Blood clotting, or coagulation, is an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. An understanding of controls is essential, together. Blood clotting biology encyclopedia cells, body, process. Choose from 500 different sets of blood clotting flashcards on quizlet. Oct 11, 2018 clotting prevents us from bleeding to death, and also protects us from nasty diseasecausing organisms, called pathogens, entering our body. The function of a blood clot is to prevent blood loss from damaged blood vessels. Learn about blood, a complex liquid tissue, and how it transports oxygen, dissolved substances and heat around the body. When blood vessels are cut or damaged, the loss of blood from the system must be stopped before shock and possible death occur. This increases the risk of blood clotting in the artery and leads to an. This is a plasma protein which helps in blood clotting when the skin is cut.
Cbse biology chapter 18 body fluids and circulation in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. We provide detailed revision materials for a level biology students and teachers. Revision website designed for as and a level biology students. Transport oxygen in the red blood cells, absorbed, digested food by the plasma, excretory products by the plasma, hormones by the plasma etc. There are twelve clotting factors that are numbered with roman numerals and also have a common name. A blood clot consists of a plug of platelets enmeshed in a network of insoluble fibrin molecules. Blood clotting and atheroscleosis alevel high ability. Describe the mechanisms of blood clotting and its importance.
Describe the structure and function of blood in the body. This works by blood clotting, when the skin is cut, some reactions take place that results in platelets producing a protein, this protein will change the fibrinogen another soluble protein in the plasma to insoluble fibrin. Blood gas transport blood clotting cardiovascular disease plant transport water sugar transport in plants appendix 1 maths appendix 2 these notes may be used freely by a level biology students and teachers, and they may be copied and edited. Support us on patreon to make more revision videos for all of you. Intended for edexcel alevel but suitable for all and high ability gcse. It has a high molecular weight and deficiency in vitamin k or damage to the liver can disturb the blood clotting mechanism leading to an increase in bleeding. Hsw2, hsw8 e i the structure and mode of action of phagocytes ii examination and drawing of cells observed in blood smears. Biology syllabus a level uganda biology notes for o level with questions biology syllabus uganda 553 biology o level 20062010 uganda may not be taken with 500 general science.
The mechanism of coagulation involves activation, adhesion and aggregation of platelets, as well as deposition and maturation of fibrin. Factor v deficiency is a rare blood clotting disorder that results in slow or prolonged blood clotting after an. Many aspects that cause coagulation also contribute to defence against pathogens. You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. Has the ability to repair itself, to fight off attacking microorganisms and adapt to a variety of situations. Blood coagulation is a process that controls bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Platelets are formed when cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes, which are very large cells in the bone marrow, pinch off into the.
I have found that the key to running a website is making sure the visitors you are getting are interested in your subject matter. Downloads saved resources author dashboard add resource my shop tes elements community courses access courses. Biology notes form 2 pdf biology form 2 questions and. Human disease and health the human body is an amazing machine. Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets. If youre ready to pass your alevel biology exams, become a member now to get complete access to our entire library of. I would be interested to hear of any comments and corrections. Click on the popout button on the upper right corner of the pdf file to have full view or click here to download. The prevention of blood loss is known as haemostasis. Blood cells become trapped in the mesh and form a blood clot. Biology syllabus uganda biology notes for o level with. The blood coagulation mechanism the blood clothing system or coagulation pathway, like the complement system, is a proteolytic cascade.
Biology notes all in one here is a pdf file with all biology notes for you to download. Formation of tissue fluid as the blood enters the capillaries the high hydrostatic pressure forces some of the plasma out through the wall. Written by expert teachers for the cie 06100970 igcse biology syllabus. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid.
Transport is the movement of substances within an organism. All living cells require oxygen and food for various metabolic processes. Reactions of the blood coagulation cascade are propagated by complex enzymes containing a vitamin kdependent serine protease and an. As biology unit 4 page 1 heckmondwike grammar school biology department edexcel a level biology. Sep 03, 2012 blood clotting is a vital process in the human body that prevents blood loss from blood vessels arteries and veins however, when blood clots form inside of blood vessels, there is a chance that they will cause a blockade, restricting or denying blood to particular areas of the body. Explanation of blood clot in the largest biology dictionary online. Blood clotting reduces loss of blood when blood vessels are injured. Atherosclerosis causes, symptoms, a level biology notes. Blood clotting coagulation is the process by which blood vessels repair ruptures after injury. Some clotting components are also toxic to some bacteria. A medical professional will take a blood sample and send it to a laboratory for testing and analysis. Oblongwinged katydids are normally green and well camouflaged.
Platelets come into contact with an area of an artery wall which has become damaged, changing their shape from flattened disks to long thin projections. The rest of the blood is made up of cells red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Blood normally remains in its liquid state while it is within the blood vessels but when it leaves them the blood may thicken and form a gel coagulation. Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. In order for a blood clot to form, activated platelets and the damaged tissue release clotting factors which are proteins in the blood that control bleeding. Clotting prevents us from bleeding to death, and also protects us from nasty diseasecausing organisms, called pathogens, entering our body. Platelet, colourless, nonnucleated blood component that is important in the formation of blood clots coagulation. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. A powerpoint of information on the clotting process and how it leads to atherosclerosis. Communicable diseases organisms that cause disease pathogen a microorganism that causes disease transmission of pathogens lifecycle of a pathogen. Power point with tasks throughout plus snab worksheet on blood clotting i taught atheroma before hand see my other resources. Free learning resources for students covering all major areas of biology. The blood has lost almost all its pressure in the capillaries, so it is at low pressure inside veins and moving slowly.
Webmd explains how the blood clots for better and worse. The mechanism which helps the body in order to prevent from constant loss of blood is known as hemostasis. The platelets stick together, forming a temporary plug. An experimental approach particularly to physiological work is expected. This prevents inappropriate blood clotting thrombosis from occurring.
A level biology does pretty much what it says on the tin. Learn blood clotting biology with free interactive flashcards. It is a gellike mass which is formed by the platelets and fibrin in the blood. The lung a thoracic chest cavity surrounded by pleural membranes enclose an airtight space small quantity of fluid for friction free movement and prevention of desiccation ventilation of the lung conducted by the movement of diaphragm ribs. So from this video, you should understand the magic of blood clotting. Form 4 biology genetics and variation 2 msomi maktaba. Injury repair actually begins even before clotting does, through vascular spasm, or muscular contraction of the vessel walls, which reduces blood. Nonspecific defences to include skin, blood clotting, wound repair, inflammation, expulsive reflexes and mucous membranes no detail of skin structure is required. One to one online tution can be a great way to brush up on your. Learn blood clotting with free interactive flashcards. Platelets and blood clotting grade 9 understanding for igcse biology 2.
Platelets a type of blood cell and proteins in your plasma the liquid part of blood work together to stop the bleeding by forming a clot over the injury. Home notes ordinary level notes biology o level notes. Typically, your body will naturally dissolve the blood clot after the injury has healed. Travel from one host to another transmission entering the hosts tissues reproducing leaving the hosts tissues direct transmission overcrowding, poor ventilation, poor health, poor diets, homelessness and living and working with. Plasma thats been stripped of its clotting factors is called serum. This is accomplished by solidification of the blood, a process called coagulation or clotting.
Veins carry blood from every tissue in the body to the heart. Blood contains tiny fragments of cells called platelets. This process involves a group of proteins that are known as blood clotting factors. For example, as the blood clots, it traps bacteria. I discovered your biology syllabus uganda biology notes for o level with questions page and noticed you could have a lot more traffic. The blood coagulation mechanism medical lecture notes. They then release more substances that activate even more platelets to their aid. Clotting begins with platelets forming a plug and initiating the release of clotting factors such as thromboplastin. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Unit 16 inherited change a level biology slideshare.
Edexcel as biology blood clotting the student room. Blood clotting blood gcse biology single science revision. However, when blood clots form inside of blood vessels, there is a chance that they will cause a blockade, restricting or denying blood to particular areas of the body. Used for as edexcel topic 1 but may be useful for other boards. Choose from 500 different sets of blood clotting biology flashcards on quizlet. Tips and notes for english, general paper, and composition writing are also provided. Blood coagulation is the process of forming a clot or thrombus in order to prevent excess loss of blood from the body. Blood clotting technically blood coagulation is the process by which liquid blood is transformed into a solid state. The escaped fluid tissue fluid is similar in composition to plasma, but lower in protein.
There are many more examples of diffusion in biology. Just over half of the blood volume is made up of a pale yellow fluid called plasma. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. Injury repair actually begins even before clotting does, through vascular spasm, or muscular contraction of the vessel walls, which reduces blood loss.
Msomi maktaba notes za o level na a level all subjects physics chemistry biology mathematics literature civics general study geography angiculture history kiswahili commerce book keeping accounting computer economics form one form two form three form four form five and form five study notes. When an injury causes a blood vessel wall to break, platelets are activated. Biology notes form 4 pdf biology form 4 questions and. May 03, 2017 a short revision video that explains the clotting process. You can find notes and exam questions for additional math, elementary math, physics, biology and chemistry. Dec 03, 2016 this website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Have a free meeting with one of our hand picked tutors from the uks top universities. Blood clot definition and examples biology online dictionary. They change shape from round to spiny, stick to the broken.
This causes for the smooth muscle to become exposed where platelets present within the blood form a fibrous cap structure over the plaque deposition, sealing it into the arterial wall, further solidifying the plaque. Igcse biology revision part 11 components of blood. This works by blood clotting, when the skin is cut, some reactions take place that results in platelets producing a protein, this protein will change the fibrinogen another soluble protein in. Each enzyme of the pathway is present in the plasma as a zymogen, in other words in an inactive form, which on activation undergoes proteolytic cleavage to release the active factor from the precursor molecule.
Structure and function of blood biology for majors ii. Providing study notes, tips, and practice questions for students preparing for their o level or upper secondary examinations. But when platelets come in contact with the damaged vessel their shape changes into a spiky shape they stick to each other and the collagen in the wall. It potentially results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. If the skin is cut, the wound must be closed to prevent blood loss and the entry of pathogens. Over 22,000 learners have used our materials to pass their exams.
Blood is important for regulation of the bodys ph, temperature, osmotic pressure, the circulation of nutrients and removal of waste, the distribution of hormones from endocrine glands, and the elimination of excess heat. It has always been thought that the allele causing the pink color was recessive, but breeding experiments in 20 showed surprisingly that this is a dominant allele. Blood clotting is a vital process in the human body that prevents blood loss from blood vessels arteries and veins. The pink color is caused by an allele of the gene that determines body color. Coagulation most effective hemostatic mechanism forms blood clot 2. Blood clots stop bleeding, but they can also form in the body when theyre not needed and lead to stroke or heart attack.
Coagulation tests measure your bloods ability to clot and how long it takes. Prothrombin is a plasma protein found in the blood that is continuously formed by the liver. My textbook gives a bit of a confusing diagram for blood clotting and i was wondering if this sounds ok for how blood clots form. Igcse biology notes the best o level revision resource. There is not enough blood to fill all the bodys capillaries, and at any given time up to 20% of the capillary beds are closed off.
1203 690 933 192 470 1502 298 1310 570 156 554 563 1173 278 172 321 1235 1017 83 397 491 665 646 1137 1338 20 533 1029 1065 1163 1137 1110 549 642 1300 772 513 1454 271 507 835 167 1132 1316 711